"All parts of the plant are poisonous[7], the toxic principle is dissipated by heat or by drying[65]"

"When applied in the nostrils, the plant juice has been used to relieve migraine attacks, but it can also destroy the mucous membranes[7]. The plant should not be taken internally because it is poisonous[7]. A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the treatment of rheumatism and skin eruptions[238]. The plant is used in Bach flower remedies - the keywords for prescribing it are 'Indifference', 'Dreaminess', 'Inattention' and 'Unconsciousness'[209]. It is also one of the five ingredients in the 'Rescue remedy'[209]"

"The boiled roots and stems are used as a cure for the itch[4]"

"Young shoots - cooked and used like hop shoots (Humulus lupulus)[7, 46, 61]. Caution is advised due to reports of toxicity[7]."

"The leaves are analgesic, diuretic and rubefacient[7, 61]"

"The boiled roots and stems are used as a cure for the itch[4]"